Assignments
Reading, Writing, and Repression
English 261S (07975-5) Introduction to Fiction
Spring 2003, Saturday 8:30-12:18PM, Denney 250
Author Links
The following links were compiled the Winter 2003 Introduction to Fiction class.
Authors on the class reading list:
- John Barth
About.com:
About John Barth [Angela Kohut, Cameron Nowak]
Dave Edelman Site: John
Barth, The Information Center [Sommer Atkins, Sarah Shaffer]
John Barth, "Lost
in the Funhouse", Portrait of the Artist [Sarah Cotner]
- Margaret Atwood
O. W. Toad: Margaret Atwood Reference
Site [Sarah Shaffer]
- Susan Daitch
Dalkey
Archive Press: Interview with Susan Daitch [Cameron Nowak]
Susan Daith,
"Seasonal Amusements" (short story) [Meredeth Beckett]
- William H. Gass
ADE (Association
of Departments of English) Bulletin: Interview with William Gass [Brian
Milnark, Cameron Nowak]
Bedford/St.
Martin's Lit Links: William Gass
The
Complete Review: Reading Rilke by William H. Gass
- Thomas Pynchon
Hyperarts: Thomas Pynchon [Brian Milnark, Sarah Shaffer]
San Narciso College Thomas Pynchon
Home Page [Meredeth Beckett, Brian Milnark, Cameron Nowak]
Thomas R. Pynchon:
Spermatikos Logos [Brian Milnark]
"Smoking
Dope with Thomas Pynchon: A Sixties Memoir" [Sarah Cotner]
Favorite authors:
Reading Journal Study Questions
The goal of the reading journal is to cultivate the habit of active reading
and responding to ficton and literature in general (if not all texts). Use the
journal as a space 1) to work out your understanding of the operations of the
elements of fiction and 2) determine the overall theme or meaning of the text's
world view. If you wish, you may use these prompts (to be updated by the day
we discuss a work) as a jumping off point for your responses. However, do
not simply answer the questions, 1-2-3; instead, use them as a way to construct
a holistic response to the work at hand.
Reading journal entries must be typed. By the end of the quarter you should
have 10 entries (out of 11 texts) of approximately 250 words each.
Entries will be collected twice in the quarter: Thursday, 1-30 and Thursday
3-13. You'll receive a tentative grade after the first submission and, if you
wish, you may turn a few more entries in before the final submission to see
if you're heading in the right direction, though this is not mandatory. Although
electronic submission is preferred, you may submit reading journals in one of
the following two ways: 1) as a hard copy print out, or 2) via one computer
file (PC/Windows disk or email attachment of MS Word or WordPerfect formatm not MS Works).
-
Susan Daitch, "X =/ Y" (1996)
- preliminary questions
- Why do you take trips?
- How do you feel when you travel?
- More specifically, how do you feel when you travel by plane? What do
you think about?
- thematic analysis
- Why is the story told from the second-person point of view?
- What's the significance of the passports and the translators?
- What does the story's title mean?
- What does the story suggest about the function of fiction and the purpose
of the imagination?
-
John Barth, "Lost in the Funhouse"
- preliminary questions
- What's the experience of puberty like?
- What about the experience of the family vacation?
- What are the connotations of amusement parks in general, and funhouses
in particular?
- element of fiction: conflict
- In what historical conflict is the story set?
- What pubescent conflicts does Ambrose have? Compare and contrast his
relationships with his brother and father with Magda and his mother.
- What deeper conflict might being lost in the funhouse represent?
- What is the purpose of the self-reflexive narration? Is there a conflict
between the reader's expectations about Ambrose story and what the story
actually provides? How might the story's reflexivity mirror Ambrose's
experience in the funhouse?
- thematic analysis
- What does the story suggest about the effects of war on the adolescent
psyche?
- What does the story imply about the sexual anxieties of boyhood?
- What is the story's message about the activity of reading stories?
- What does the story suggest about the ability of the boy to deal with
his conflicts? Does Ambrose ever find his way out of the funhouse? Conversely,
does he ever really find his way in?
-
Thomas Pynchon, "Entropy"
- preliminary questions
- What is entropy?
- What is an aubade?
- What are your connotations of the 50s?
- element of fiction: character
- Do Pynchon's characters seem fully developed and real, artificial and
stock, or somewhere in between?
- Why did Saul's wife Miriam leave him?
- Compare and contrast Meatball Mulligan and Callisto. In what ways do
they serve as foils?
- thematic analysis
- At the end of the story, why does Meatball Mulligan keep his lease-breaking
party going?
- What does Callisto's relationship with the bird suggest about the nature
of humanity?
- Why does Aubade break the window to the hothouse?
-
William H. Gass, "In the Heart of the Heart of
the Country"
- preliminary questions
- How would you describe your hometown?
- How does the weather affect you?
- How does place in general affect the psyche? How does the Midwest compare
with the West Coast, the South, or the Northeast?
- element of fiction: setting
- How does the narrator describe his Midwestern town, for instance, in
terms of place, weather, education, business, and church; and what is
his attitude toward it?
- How does the narrator's surrounding affect his psychic life? Compare
and contrast the outer, external reality of the Midwestern town and the
narrator's innerworldly existence.
- Is this a specifically Midwestern story, or do the narrator's attitudes
about art and love, life and death transcend Indiana and touch universal
concerns?
- thematic analysis
- Why does the narrator have difficulty creating art? What message does
the story convey about Midwestern culture?
- What does the story suggest about the possibility of love?
- What is the story's message about death?
-
William H. Gass, "Emma Enters a Sentence of Elizabeth
Bishop's"
- preliminary questions
- What happens to you when you read a good book or poem, view a work of
art, or listen to a good piece of music?
- What was your home-life like? How do parents shape one's inner life—one's
desires and one's fears?
- How do parental influence, body image, and sexuality converge in the
psychic life of young girls?
- element of fiction: imagery
- What is the first image that we see, even before we get to the story
proper? How do the images of the inter-poem relate to the story and, more
importantly, Emma's memories?
- What is the first image we see in Emma's mind proper? Why does Emma
fear Elizabeth Bishop and Marianne Moore?
- What do the images of the flies represent? Compare and contrast how
flies operate in this story and "In the Heart of the Heart of the
Country"
- thematic analysis
- What does the portrayal of the father and mother suggest about the effects
of parents' desires and cruelties upon their children?
- More specifically, what is the message conveyed regarding feminine sexuality
in relation to male parenting in general and abuse in particular?
- What does the story say about why we turn to literature? Given Emma's
tragic "conclusion" what might the story be suggesting about
an utter retreat into literature? How might literature embody a double-edged
sword?
-
Margaret Atwood, Surfacing
- preliminary questions
- How does one's being change when taking a trip, for instance, from the
city to absolute nature?
- How does the experience of returning home after years away affect one
psychologically?
- What do past traumas do to us when we repress them, but do not deal
with them?
- element of fiction: symbolism
- What does the opening of the story—on the road home—symbolize?
- What set of ideas does the setting of the story represent for the narrator
in particular and her culture in general?
- What does the dead heron represent?
- element of fiction: plot and structure
- What are the three main divisions of the novel? How does each section
end? How is this significant?
- Compare and contrast the structure of the narrator's search for her
father with her resurfacing memories about her relationship with her former
lover (the professor) and her current lover (Joe, the pottist).
- How and why does the original conflict of the narrator's search for
her father become a quest for her own identity in the end?
- thematic analysis
- What does the story suggest about the culture clash between Canada and
America, between Quebec and the rest of Canada?
- What does the story suggest about one's ability to return home to one's
roots?
- What happens to the narrator at the end of the story? Why does the story
end before she makes her choice?
-
Doris Lessing, Briefing for a Descent into Hell
- preliminary questions
- What does it feel like to be absolutely awake and alive? How is this
different from ordinary life and existence?
- What is identity? How does one know who one is?
- Where is the line between normal and abnormal, ill thinking? Can there
ever be consensus on such a line?
- element of fiction: point of
view
- Is there a rhyme or reason for the shifts in point of view, for example
between Watkins' delusions and the doctors' memos and therapy sessions?
Could the story be told from one point of view? What kind of story would
it be?
- What is happening to Watkins' mind when he shifts from his stranded
on an island hallucination to his cosmic delusion?
- What is the overall effect of having the story told from so many different
points of view (Watkin's delusions, dialogue of therapy sessions, doctors'
memos, letters, and regular third-person narration)?
- element of fiction: tone
- Given their internal memos, what is Lessing's attitude toward the doctors
and toward psychology in general?
- When Watkins is narrating his delusions (the island, the solar system)
and his memory (his experience in the war), what is his tone? How does
his tone change from the beginning of the novel to the end?
- How does Lessing feel toward main main character, Professor Watkins?
What is her attitude toward his electroshock treatment?
- thematic analysis
- Given Watkins' manic delusions with their "round and round and
round" refrain, what does the story imply about the relationship
between sleeping and reality? Given Rosemary Baines long letter, what
does the story imply about the difference between being a zombie and being
alive?
- Do we ever really find out what Watkin's core conflict is? Why aren't
we allowed to know if the shock treatment worked? What is Lessing suggesting
about the state of modern psychology as a profession, if not the mind
and psyche of the modern human being?
- Given the story's inconclusive conclusion, should we readers even be
attempting to psychoanalyze Watkins?
-
Nicholson Baker, The Mezzanine
- preliminary questions
- What's it like to have an office job?
- How do you relate with your coworkers? With life in general?
- What is your relationship with consumer society?
- element of fiction: theme
- Given Howie's attitude toward shoelaces and straws, what does the story
suggest about humanity's relationship to consumer goods?
- What does the story argue about human life under corporate, office culture?
- What does the story imply about the nature of daydreaming, of meditating,
and of obsession?
-
Bret Easton Ellis, Glamorama
- preliminary questions
- How would you feel, think, and act if you were always on show or on
camera ? What causes such a desire for the spotlight?
- Define status, hipness, and coolness. What does it mean to live one's
life according to the most current of trends?
- Can you put yourself in the shoes of the the stereotypical celebrity
(actors, models, rocks stars) lifestyle. Why do certain people want that
kind of life?
- What is hyperreality? How is hyperreality different from delusion?
- thematic analysis
- What is the significance of the film crews following Victor around and
filming his life? Why are their two film crews (one American and
one French), and, more importantly, what does it mean when the American
crew is blown up?
- What does the confetti represent? Relatedly, when (why) does Victor
smell excrement?
- What is Victor's relationship to sex and sexuality in the beginning
of the novel? How does it change by the novel's conclusion? Why does Ellis
devote such pornographic detail to the sex scenes (for instance, the threesome
between Victor, Jamie, and Bobby) and to the torture (Sam Ho, Bertrand,
Chloe) and bombings (Cafe Flore, the Ritz, the plane)? What is the relationship
between sex and violence in Victor's world, between orgasm and death in
our culture? What point is Ellis making about the relationship between
hyperreality and terrorism?
- Trace Victor's state of mind from beginning to end. How has Victor changed
by the novel's conclusion? What does this say about our hypermediated,
celebrity culture?
-
Donnie Darko (directed by Richard Kelley)
- preliminary questions
- What is schizophrenia?
- What is a hero?
- What is tragedy?
- element of fiction: film
- How does the film visually represent Donnie Darko's innermost conflict(s)?
- What does Frank the rabbit symbolize?
- How does the music not only set the stage but also provide the thematic
tone of the film?
- thematic analysis
- What do Donnie's questions about "God's channel" suggest about
religious fate. Why are schizophrenics often fundamentally religious?
What is the film's final message about tragic fate?
- What is Frank's plan for Donnie? What is the relationship between Frank
the rabbit and the "real life Frank"? Why does Donnie sacrifice
himself?
- What does the film's blurred distinctions among reality, dream, and
delusion say about the nature of everyone's mental life, not just schizophrenics?
Exam Review
the texts
Susan Daitch, "X =/ Y"
John Barth, "Lost in the Funhouse"
Thomas Pynchon, "Entropy"
William H. Gass, "In the Heart of the Heart
of the Country"
"Emma Enters a Sentence of Elizabeth Bishop's"
Margaret Atwood, Surfacing
Doris Lessing, Briefing for a Descent into Hell
the elements of fiction
conflict
characterization
setting
imagery
symbolism
plot and structure
point of view
tone
The listserv response asks for summary and tentative analysis. The reading
journal requires active engagement with the stories. The exam compels you to
build comparative interpretations among the stories using textual evidence and
the elements of fiction. Showcase your analytical abilities by providing strong,
thesis-driven readings of the texts. Use the text inasmuch as it fuels your
ideas, your making sense of the texts.
Be prepared to discuss each author, and be prepared to make connections among
multiple texts. There will be no questions that allow you to discuss the texts
in isolation; rather, you will compare and contrast texts. You will be asked
to write two or three essays from a set of four to six discussion questions.
Each question will require you to discuss two or three texts, and you won't
be able to discuss a text more than once on the exam.
Here are the issues that will appear on the exam in some form or another.
- The elements of fiction: Don't just know their functions, rather
be able to apply them to each story, not just the story focused on as an in-class
example. Be able to compare and contrast how the elements function differently
in different works of literature.
- The core conflicts: What internal and external conflicts rend these
characters asunder? What divides their innermost selves? What helps them work
through their conflicts, and what keeps those conflicts unresolved, even at
the end of the story?
- The conflicts between men and women: What causes gender trouble?
What puts men and women in conflict? How do various characters struggle with
sexuality, and how does sexuality create anxiety?
- The conflicts between individual and society: Why do many of these
characters find it difficult to adapt to or simply exist in society? Why do
many of these characters rebel or retreat from the world and into themselves?
How does this rebellion or self-isolation succeed or fail? How and why do
some characters come back into the world?
- The conflicts within families: How and why do some of the families
we've read flourish? How and why do some decline? What distinguishes the (relatively)
functional families from the deteriorating families? What pits children against
their parents? How do these children overcome their resentments, if at all?
- The function of fiction: How does reading or writing literature
(or viewing or creating art), help certain characters flee from the harsh
realities of life? Alternatively, how does fiction engage the traumatic and
help certain characters traverse the reality of their innermost psychic fears
and desires?
Annotated Bibliography Group Presentation Sign-Up
The previous assignments (listserv response, reading journal, midterm) compelled
you to analyze fiction, to estimate the author's world view. This assignment
asks you to do just that, but also to teach the class what you've come to understand.
You must choose a work of fiction not discussed in class, but it may be by an
author we have read in class. Groups of three or four will compose a website
that provides a working analysis of the text as well as an annotated bibliography
of journal articles, book chapters, and scholarly websites on the text and/or
its author. Groups will then teach the work of fiction to the class in a multimedia
enhanced presention. The website must be turned in via PC floppy disk,
Zip-100, or CD on Tuesday, March 4. Multimedia-enhanced oral presentations will
be on Tuesday, March 4 and Thursday, March 6. The project should be informative
and argumentative. This assignment is neither a book report nor a biography,
but instead a critical and analytical interpretation of a work of fiction.
The purpose of this sheet is merely to form groups. Sign up for two slots,
placing a #1 by your first choice and a #2 by your second choice. Once
groups are assigned, those groups are responsible for meeting with me outside
of class to determine a poet of the movement to research. Click here for the particular parameters of the assignment.
Margaret Atwood, "Fiction: Happy Endings" |
Sommer Atkins
Angela Goldsberry
Angela Kohut |
Margaret Atwood, "Dancing Girls" |
Laura Dunham
Courtney McClellan
Sarah Shaffer |
Nicholson Baker, Vox |
James Barber
Sarah Cotner
Mark Ruter |
John Barth, "Preparing for the Storm" |
Sarah Bauer
Chris Hempfling
Greg Miller |
Bret Easton Ellis, Less Than Zero |
Brian Milnark
Cameron Nowak
Ben Thoennes |
Thomas Pynchon, The Crying of Lot 49 |
Meredeth Beckett
Michael Callas
Crystal Crosby |
Group Project
1. Goals
- To practice the analytical and critical reading skills learned in class.
- To practice making arguments and interpretations of literature in forums
other than the typical academic paper, i.e., the website and the multimedia
presentation.
- To practice the research skills of searching for and evaluating online and
print literary criticism.
- To teach oneself about a work of literature and then teaching one's fellow
students.
2. Assignment
The previous assignments (listserv response, reading journal, midterm) compelled
you to analyze fiction, to find the core conflicts of the characters and overall
themes of the stories by looking at characterization, setting, imagery, symbol,
point of view, tone, plot, and so forth. This assignment asks you to do just
that, but also to teach the class what you've come to understand about the story
at hand. The project should be not only informative but interpretive, not only
analytical but argumentative. Do not give a book report or a biography, but
rather a critical and analytical interpretation of a work of fiction. Click here for the group sign-up sheet.
- Choose a work of fiction (short story or short novel) not discussed in class;
it may be by an author on the course reading list or one of your choosing,
subject to instructor approval.
- Construct a website that a) provides a working analysis of the story and
b) an annotated bibliography of journal articles, book chapters, and scholarly
websites on the text and/or its author.
- Teach the work of fiction to the class in a multimedia enhanced presention.
3. Web Component
In class, I'll show you how to make a basic website with Netscape
Composer, but you may use any web design software you wish.
The website must include the following items:
- Analysis and Interpretation of the Story: As this project is not
a traditional paper, the word-length is up to the group, but the project should
be sure to fully explain how the group is reading the story, for instance,
in terms of the elements of fiction discussed in class.
- Annotated Bibliography
- Search Strategy: Recapitulate where and how you went about your
search for sources. What subject guides, subject directories, and search
engines did you use for internet sources? Besides OSCAR, what databases
did you use to find print sources? Tip: follow the research methodology
of this handout, Online Research
Methods in the Literature Classroom, demonstrated earlier in the quarter.
Don't put off obtaining print sources until the last minute. You should
request and check out materials from libraries a full two weeks before the
assignment is due. Once you have a critical article or book, check
its works cited and reference pages for other books that might help your
research.
- Summary of Findings: In at least 250 words, summarize the various
ways critics are interpreting the story. For instance, point out where scholars
fall into different camps of interpretation on certain points of the story.
- Secondary Sources
- number and type of sources: 3 sources per group member (at least 1 scholarly journal article, at least 1 book chapter, and 1 web source if it offers more than a biography, i.e., a substantial
reading of the story; do not use encyclopedias, magazines, newspapers,
primary texts; also, no critical articles and websites used in class already
- arrangement and citation format of sources: arrange sources alphabetically
and format them according to MLA citation
standards
- annotations: summarize and evaluate the source in 75-100 words by
- identifying the issue or question that the source is investigating,
- defining the source's thesis or main idea relevant to your story,
and
- explaining how the source helps your understanding of the story
4. Presentation Component
The presentation should accomplish three objectives:
-
summarize the ways critics read the story as well as what
issues they debate
- teach the story to the class according to your groups reading
of it
- use some aspect of the technology available to our classroom
As long as you meet these two objectives, the format of the presentation
is completely up to you. You may choose to use aspects of the website to guide
your group presentation, or you may use Microsoft
Powerpoint, which I'll show you how to use in class, to guide your presentation.
You may choose to focus on various elements of fiction as ways into the story
as we have done in previous class. You have all the technology of our lab
at your disposal: projector, cd players, speakers, web browsers, Microsoft
Powerpoint; and I can reserve a television/vcr/dvd if you need one. Presentations
will be 20 minutes long and followed by a five-minute question and answer
period.
5. Due Dates
- The website must be turned in on disk on Tuesday, March 4.
- Presentations will be on Tuesday, March 4 and Thursday, March 6.
6. Assessment
Group projects will be assessed based on the following criteria:
- The critical analysis of the story, i.e., the quality of the group's reading
of the story.
- The usefulness of website, i.e., the effectiveness of construction and the
inclusion of all pertinent information
- The understanding, utilization, and summary of online and print research
materials, i.e., the quality of the research
- Cohesiveness and effectiveness of the presentation, i.e., how well the group
taught the story
7. Useful Handouts
The following handouts, presented in class and available online, will help
you complete the assignment:
Final Paper Prompt
The goal of the final paper is to help you constitute a deeper and more complex
understanding of a work of fiction using the modes of analysis exemplified throughout
the quarter. All of the assignments have been leading up to this point. From
listserv responses, you've practiced narrative summary and preliminary textual
analysis; from class discussion, you've employed the various elements of fiction;
from reading journals and the midterm exam, you've learned to compare and contrast
literary works' general themes and world views. From the group presentation,
with the help of your peers and secondary sources, you've read, interpreted,
and taught a story. This assignment asks you to combine all of the analytical
abilities above by doing do a rigorous reading of one or two works of fiction.
Your final paper should develop a deep and analytical reading of a particular
issue, an interpretive problem, or thematic point. You may write your paper
on either one or two works of fiction. You may choose texts not covered in class,
but must conference with me first. If you write on two works, you should rigorously
compare and contrast how the two works deal with the idea you're analyzing.
Length: 2000 words
- Format: MLA (refer to handouts on MLA
Style;
- download document template for Microsoft
Word or Corel WordPerfect)
- Due: Tuesday, March 18 by 12:00 PM in my hands
in Denney 324, in my mailbox in 421, or my email
- Media: Either hard copy print out or Microsoft
Word or Corel Word Perfect file on disk or email attachment